State of Indigenous Education, Its Dislocation

2020-04-26 19:37:30

Calcutta College 1817 by educated Bengalis, English education in Western humanities and sciences.
Sanskrit College established by Jonathan Duncan at Benaras in 1791.
Calcutta Madrasah established by Warren Hastings in 1781 for the study of Muslim law.

Measures Taken to Improve Education in India

Economic need - IN wanted to earn their livelihood
RRR protested strenghteing of Calcutta, Madras and Benaras Sanskrit college and estd of more oriental colleges in Bengal -> this would have no practical use in society.
Calcutta College was a result of his protest.

Woods was firm believer of superiority of English race
for spread education to the masses and was considered as Magna Carta of English Education in india
Repudiated downward filtration theory.

Declared that the aim was teaching of Western Education
English as medium of instruction will enhance moral character also emphasised imp of vernacular language.
vernacular primary schools and Anglo vernacular in high schools English in colleges.
a sys of grants in aids for private ed institutions.
~ Dept of Public instruction under a Director in each of the 5 provinces to review progress of education and submit annual report
Universities on the Model of London Univeristy proposed at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.
Emphasised vocational instruction and need to estd technical school and colleges.
Teachers training Institutions similar to English ones
Ed for women
Education in Gov schools should be secular.
Education dept, Gov School in every district

Confined to primary and secondary education.
special care for improvement of education
recom transfer of control of primary ed to district and municipal boards.
& High School education should have 2 divisions literary and vocational ie preparing students for Entrance examination to Universities and other for commercial and vocational career.
Drew attention to female education and inadequate facilities for it.
brought out the neglect to primary and secondary edu
provincial revenue be reserved for financing primary edu
secondary school progressively handed over to private enterprises
aided schools to charge lower fees to have more Indian graduates in them
emphasis on moral and physical education
special attention towards edu dev among Muslims

@ Rayleight Commission on Education 1902 became the basis of Indian Universities act 1904
more attention to study and research
No. of fellows reduced -> were to be recom by Governor
Govt to have powers to veto Univ regulations
Affiliation of private college made stricter
5 lkh per annum sanctioned for improvement of higher ed

State of Baroda introduced compulsory primary ed throughout its territory in 1906
Gokhale made efforts in Legislative Council towards compulsory primary education in India.
Govt refused to recognise it but accepted the policy of removal of illiteracy
GOI urged provincial govt to provide free elementary instruction to poor and more backward sections of population.
Stressed on quality of school.

& estd to study and report on the problems of Calcutta univeristy but its provisions were applicable to other universities.
School course should cover 12 yrs
Less rigidity in framing university regulation
Univ should function as centralise, unitary, residential / teaching autonomous bodies.
Female ed, Applied Scientific and Tech education should be extended.
not possible to bring change in higher ed w/o changes in secondary
create intermediate college divide univ and secondary courses
Intermediate college courses for 3 yrs, curriculum consist of arts, science, engineering etc.
encourage autonomous univs, residential teaching univs
Special Board for women education

Emphasis on primary education
Only deserving should go to high and intermediate level
To improve in standards of Univ ed, admission should be restricted
Zakir Hussain Committee of 1937 was on Basic education and in sync with Gandhi's principles.

Based on Gandhiji's article published in Harijan which proposed a scheme for basic education called Wardha Scheme.
Main principle was learning through activity.
Zakir Hussain committee worked out the details of it.
Centred around Manual Productive work, 7 yr course in mother tongue.

Review the educational policy of the English East India Company. To what extent did it serve the imperial interests of Great Britain? [1988, 60m]