Provincial Architecture and Painting

2020-04-27 12:37 :44

Sikh Style of Architecture during Mughal Period :

use of multiple Chhatris or kiosks on top buildings etc
Use of shallow cornices
buildings had fluted domes, which were generally covered by brass and copper guilds for decoration
- arches had of numerous foliations.
Ex Shir Harmandir Sahib/ Golden temple.

Rajput Style during Mughal Period :

introduced the concept of hanging balcony of varying shapes and sizes
cornices were built in the shape of an arch

Rajasthani Schools of Painting :

Mewar School -

Sahibdin was the most famous painter of this school.
depiction of Rasikapriya, Ramayana and Bhagavata Purana.
'Tamasha' paintings that show court ceremonies were unique of this period.

Kishangarh School -

Under the Patronage of Samant Singh in the mid 18th century. He also wrote poems under the name Nagari Das.
Bani Thani painting style is from this school. Nihal Chand was its painter.

Bundi School

It shows local vegetation in details.
Sky is painted in different colours.
Faces were round with pointed nose
Its peculiar characterstics are rich and glowing colours, rising sun in golden colour, crimson red horizon, overlapping and semi naturalistic trees.
Mughal influence in visible in refined drawing of faces and element of naturalism in treatment of trees.
Text is written in block against yellow background on the top.
Ex is Rasikapriya of 17th cent that represents Kishna trying to collect butter from a Gopi.

Amber School-

aka Dhundar school orignated from Bairat.
The Amber palace walls and mausoleum has these paintings.
Sawai Pratap Singh was its greatest patron 18th century.
Showed Ramayana, Rangmala and Bhagwata purana scenes.

Marwar School -

Developed around the areas of Jodhpur, Bikaner and Jaisalmer.
The 15th and 16th century paintings were depicted wth colourful clothing.
Man Singh in early 19th century later commissioned many paintings depicting Shiv purana, Durgacharita and Natacharita.

Pahari Styles of Painting :

It is grouped into 2 the Jammu/Dogra School and the Basholi and Kangra school.
Paintings focused more on Mythology and Literature. Its famouse painters were Nainsukh and Manaku.

Basholi School -

expressive faces with a receding hairline and big eyes that are shaped like lotus petals, use of primary colours.
Raja Kripal singh comissioned various paintings on Gita Govinda, Ramayana and Rasamajari.

Kangra School -

patronage by Raja Govardhan Singh reached its zenith under Raja Sansar Chand.
paintings were marked with a sensuality and intelligence.
Popular subjects were gita govinda, bhagwata purana etc.
In the areas of Kullu, chamba and Mandi.

Ragamala Paintings :

shows various musical Ragas.
amalgamation of art, poetry and classical music.
Ragas personified as colour describing story of a hero/heroine.
elucidates the season and the time of day and night in which raga is to be sung.
demarcates the specific Hindu deities attached to a raga.
six principal ragas present in the Ragamala are Bhairava, Deepak, Sri, Malkaush, Megha and Hindola