Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, Determinant and Consequences of Ethics in Human Action, Dimensions of Ethics.

2021-10-21 12:32

Determinants of Ethics are the factors in human conduct or conditions which can determine whether any action is good or bad.

It has 3 such determinants
- Object : What the free will chooses or not choose to do in thought, word or deed.
- Circumstances : include all particulars of concrete human actions capable of affecting morality.
- End : the intended goal of any particular human action.

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Meta Ethics

study of moral thought and moral language
it asks What is Morality? or What is the knowledge of morality?
- Morality : Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong.

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Deals with what practices are right and wrong and our obligations to others and future generation. The study of ethical behaviour.

Virtue Ethics
- Person based ie it looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action instead of what is their ethical duties and rules or consequences of a particular actions.
- Provides guidance to person as to what is expected of him.
- Deals with the purpose of Human life, meaning of life, Plato Aristotle.
- 7 main virtue ethics are chastity, temperance, charity, diligence, kindness, patience, and humility.
- 4 cardinal virtues Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, Temperance.

Consequentialism :
- Whether something is good or bad depends on its outcomes.
- end should be right means may or may not, greatest good for greatest no of people.
- Ethical Egoism + Ethical Altruism + Utilitarianism.
- Utilitarianism : most good to most number of people
  1. Jeremy Bentham's Gross or Quantitative Utilitarianism - actions are wrong if it produces pain, each man desires his own happiness.
    - 1.1 Deals with maximising happiness for everyone.
  2. Mills Refined or Qualitative U - qualitative nature of pleasures like intellectual pleasure instead of sensual ones.
    - 2.1 Certain pleasures were of greater consequence than others and these higher pleasure could only be recognised by those who have experienced them.

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Deontological or Non Consequential - actions should be right consequences may or may not
- Kantian Ethical Theory : revolves around duty, what to do in certain situations, right and fair on wider level, Categorical imperative - internal law imposed by conscience
- Duties listed by WD Ross : tell truth, right the wrongs done to others, act justly, help other, improve oneself, give thanks, avoid injury to others.

aka comparative ethics is study of people's beliefs about morality through emperical research into their attitudes.
for ex what is right and wrong, virtuous characterstics of moral agents.