4.2 Disaster Management

Disaster Management

2021-11-15 17:11

CA : Disaster Mgt

  • DM plan of Mo Panchayati Raj. Components include :
    • Institutional arrangement viz Village comm & Working Group on DM in each panchayat.
    • Every village to have a DM plan.
    • Hazard Risk, Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis through mapping and zoning of disasters.
    • Socially inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction in Rural area.
    • Capacity Building framework
  • Chamoli Disaster in Uttarakhand due to flash flood.
  • APDIM Asian and Pacific Center for Dev of Disastern Mgt' report on Sand and Dust storm risk assessment. APDIM is regional institution of UNESCAP.
    • Impact over 500mil in India.
    • Dust storms occur in arid and semi arid regions usually caused by thunderstorms.

Static Disaster Management

Created : 2021-07-23 12:51

  • Vulnerability is the inability to resist a hazard or to respond when a disaster has occurred.[1]
  • Disaster risk is defined as “the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity.[2]
  • ! Refer Disaster Mgt Notes
11. 2nd ARC - Report 3 Crisis Management

2nd ARC - Report 3 Crisis Management

2020-11-07 12:43:43

  • New entry 'Management of Disaster' be included in Concurrent List
  • DM act be amended
    • Categorisation of disasters, function of NDMA should be to recommend policies, SOPs etc
    • Prompt information of concerned authority should be lawful duty of every functionary
    • Create uniform structure at apex level to handle all crises headed by PM at national level, CM at state level etc
    • Stringent punishment for mis-utilization of funds,
    • Mayor assisted by Commissioner of Municipal Corp should be responsible for Crisis Mgt
    • Law should be set up for collection of data, managing flow in rivers and release of water from reservoirs, prevent disasters w/ interstate ramifications
    • Role and responsibility needs to be specifically identified and defined on the lines of Mo Agri
    • NIDM continue as autonomous body, function as an apex insti in disaster mgt
    • DM should be intro as subject in mgt and Public Adm
    • Enunciating a Policy towards Crisis mgt
      • DM should be professionalised
      • Risk Mgt be brought at centre in all mitigation plans
      • Hazard and Vulnerability analysis needs to be done
      • Involve community and local govt
      • Special needs of women, children, elderly and physically challenge be addressed
    • Assessment of Risk Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis
      • Seismic micro-zonation of vulnerable major cities, w/ topmost priority to cities w/ pop of 1 million
      • GIS should be used to integrate spatial data, there should be a common platform for all types of data
      • NSRA, ISRO, NIC, GSI, NIDM should be made into a common platform
      • Detailed vulnerability analysis in all hazard prone areas highlighting the vulnerabilities of diff sections of society and infrastructure
    • Role of media should be there for sensitizing people, generate awareness
    • DM plans need to have 2 components Long term mitigation and Emergency response plan
    • Make DM plans part of Developmental plans
    • Construction of Disaster Resistant Structure -
      • Structural prevention measures as part of long term DM plans
      • Appropriate Zoning Regulation
      • Bylaws should have disaster resistant features
      • Disaster safety guidelines should be widely disseminated
      • Demonstration camps should be made
      • enforcement of building regulation
      • Standards prescribed by BIS for disaster resistant buildings should be available in public domain for free of cost
      • Standards used for making Govt buildings used by public should become integral part of long disaster mgt plans
    • Implementation look like
      • Effective enforcement of laws should be ensured
      • 3rd party audit, periodic inspection of all such places, public education is important
    • Early warning system
      • Responsibility of govt machinery and local bodies to disseminate warning
      • NGOs and community needs to be fully prepared and trained
      • Disseminate warnings to all sections of people
      • Early warning system should be evaluated after each disaster
    • Building community resistance
      • Location specific training programs for community should be executed
      • Crisis mgt awareness needs to be mainstreamed, curriculum should be introduced in school, colleges, universities and professional courses
    • Govt and insurance companies should play a more proactive role
    • Emergency response plans should be up to date and unambigous, SOPs should be developed, precise instructions for DM personnels
    • Unity of Command should be there, procurement and distribution should be done in transparent manner
    • Monitoring and vigilance committee, trauma and counselling should be made an integral part of relief operations
    • Police, Home Guards, firemen etc should be adequately trained in managing crisis areas
    • Home Guards should be given para medical training
    • Setting up of Emergency Operations Centre EOC
    • Relief and Rehabilitation
      • Damage assessment should be carried out by multi-disciplinary team
      • Recovery strategy should be prepared, should include aspects of rehabilitation
      • Min standards of relief, focus on vulnerable population
      • Implementation and rehab efforts and special emphasis on vulnerable section
      • Concurrent audits quick financial audits
      • Risk reduction be incorporated in recovery plans, land use during reconstruction
      • Grievance redressal at local and district
    • Specific vulnerabilities of women needs to be brought out, efforts in making women economically independent
    • Trauma counselling and psychological care
    • National Institute of Draught management should be put in place
    • Livelihood management in extremely draught prone areas
    • Making people pursue their livelihoods compatible with their ecosystem needs to be evolved
    • State Govt needs to rewrite Relief manuals, should be updated once in few years
    • Method and mechanism for declaration of droughts be modified under guidance of NDMA
    • If certain percentage of area normally remains unsown it should be declared drought affected
    • Such estimates be verified with reference to remote sensing data
    • Try to make rivers perennial
    • Rainfed areas authority - national rainfed areas authority immediately constituted
    • Epidemics
      • Comprehensive revised model of legislation should be made
      • Role of District administration finds explicit mention in Public health emergency bill
      • All crisis disaster mgt should include plans for handling possible disruptions in essential services
      • All agencies should have their own internal crisis management plans
      • Regulatory authorities should make SOPs, and Crisis management programs

PYQs

Disaster Management

Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’. How is this framework different from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005? 2018
On December 2004, tsumani brought havoc on 14 countries including India. Discuss the factors responsible for occurrence of Tsunami and its effects on life and economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. 2017
The frequency of urban floods due to high intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods. highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. 2016
With reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of the recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand. 2016
The frequency of earthquakes appears to have increased in the Indian subcontinent. However, India’s preparedness for mitigating their impact has significant gaps. Discuss various aspects. 2015
Drought has been recognised as a disaster in view of its party expense, temporal duration, slow onset and lasting effect on various vulnerable sections. With a focus on the September 2010 guidelines from the National disaster management authority, discuss the mechanism for preparedness to deal with the El Nino and La Nina fallouts in India. 2014
How important are vulnerability and risk assessment for pre-disaster management. As an administrator ,what are key areas that you would focus in a disaster management 2013

Answers and Analysis

  1. Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian subcontinent.
    Discuss two recent examples. (भारतीय उपमहाद्ीप के सं दभ्भ में बादल फिने की हरियानवसध और घिना को समझाइए । हाल के दो
    उदाहरणो की च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2022
  1. Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India What are the available coastal
    management techniques for combating the hazard? (भारत में तिीय अपरदन के कारणो एवं ं प्भावो को समझाइए । ं
    ख़तरे का मुकाबला करने के ललए उपलधि तिीय प्बंधन तकनीकें क्ा है?) 2022
  1. Discuss about the vulnerability of India to earthquake related hazards. Give examples including
    the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during
    the last three decades. (भूकम्प संबं सधत संकिो के ल ं लए भारत की भेध्ता की नववेचना कीजजए। नपछले तीन दिको में, भारत के ं नबशभन्न
    भागो में भूकम्प द् ं ारा उत्न्न बडी आपदाओ के उदाहरण ं प्मुख नविेषताओ के सा ं थि दीजजए।) 2021
  1. Discuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India
    departing from the earlier reactive approach. (आपदा प्बनन में पूव्भवतथी प्नतहरियात्मक उपागम से हिते हए भारत सरकार
    द्ारा आरभि हकए गए अशभनूतन उपायो की ं नववेचना कीजजए।) 2020
  1. Disaster preparedness is the first step in any disaster management process. Explain how
    hazard zonation mapping will help in disaster mitigation in the case of landslides. (हकसी भी आपदा
    प्बं धन प्रिम में आपदा तैयारी पहला कदम होता है । भुस्खलनो के मामले में, स्प ं टि कीजजए की सं कि अनुक्ेत्र मानचचत्रण हकस प्कार आपदा अपिीकरण
    में मदद करेगा।) 2019
  1. Vulnerability is an essential element for defining disaster impacts and its threat to people.
    How and in what ways can vulnerability to disasters be characterized? Discuss different types of vulnerability with reference to disasters. (आपदा प्भावो और लोगो ं के ल ं लए उसके खतरे को पररभानषत करने के भेद्यता एक
    अत्यावश्यक तत्त्व है । आपदाओ के ं प्नत भेद्यता का हकस प्कार और हकन-हकन तरीको के सा ं थि चररत्र-चचत्रण हकया जा सकता है ? आपदाओ के सं द ं भ्भ
    में भेद्यता के नवशभन्न प्कारो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2019
  1. Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing 'Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)'. How is this framework different from 'Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005? (भारत में आपदा जोखखम न्ूनीकरण (डी० आर० आर०) के ललए सेंडाई आपदा जोखखम न्ूनीकरण प्ारूप (2015-2030) हस्ताक्ररत करने से पूव्भ एवं उसके पचिात् हकए गए नवशभन्न उपायमों का वण्भन कीजजए। यह प्ारूप 'ह्योगो कार्भवाई प्ारूप, 2005' से हकस प्कार शभन्न है?) 2018
  1. On December 2004, tsumani brought havoc on 14 countries including India. Discuss the factors responsible for occurrence of Tsunami and its effects on life and economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. (हदसम्र 2004 को सुनामी भारत सहहत चौदह देिो में तबाही लायी ं थिी । सुनामी के होने के ललए जजम्ेदार कारको पर एवं जीवन ं
    तथिा अथि्भव्यवस्ा पर पडने वाले उसके प्भावो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए । एन.डी.एम.ए. के हदिा ननददेिो (2010) के ं प्काि में, इस प्कार की घिनाओ के दौरान ं
    जोखखम को कम करने की तैयाररयो की ं हरियानवसध का वण्भन कीजजए।) 2017
  1. The frequency of urban floods due to high intensity rainfall is increasing over the years. Discussing the reasons for urban floods. highlight the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events. (कई वषमों से उच्च तीव्रता की वषा्भ के कारण िहरो में बाढ़ की बारम् ं ारता बढ़ रही है। िहरी क्ेत्रो में बाढ़ के ं
    कारणो पर च ं चा्भ करते हए इस प्कार की घिनाओ के दौरान जोख ं खम कम करने की तैयाररयो की ं हरियानवसध पर प्काि डाललए। ) 2016
  1. With reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines, discuss the measures to be adopted to mitigate the impact of the recent incidents of cloudbursts in many places of Uttarakhand. (राटिट्ीय आपदा प्बनन प्ासधकरण (एन० डी० एम० ए०) के सुझावो के स ं न्भ्भ में, उत्राखण्ड के अनेको स् ं ानो पर ं
    हाल ही में बादल फिने की घिनाओ के सं घात को कम करने के ल ं लए अपनाए जाने वाले उपायो पर च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2016
  1. The frequency of earthquakes appears to have increased in the Indian subcontinent. However, India’s preparedness for mitigating their impact has significant gaps. Discuss various aspects. (भारतीय उप-महाद्ीप में भूकं पो की आवृ ं चत् बढ़ती हई प्तीत होती है। हफर भी, इनके प्भाव के न्ूनीकरण हेतु भारत की तैयारी (तत्रता) में महत्वपूण्भ कगमयाँ हैं। नवशभन्न पहलुओ की च ं चा्भ कीजजए।) 2015
  1. Drought has been recognised as a disaster in view of its party expense, temporal duration, slow onset and lasting effect on various vulnerable sections. With a focus on the September 2010 guidelines from the National disaster management authority, discuss the mechanism for preparedness to deal with the El Nino and La Nina fallouts in India. (सूखे को उसके स्ाननक नवस्तार, काललक
    अवसध, मं थिर प्ारभि और कमजोर वगमों पर स्ायी प्भावो की दृ ं नटि से आपदा के रूप में मान्ता दी गई है। राटिट्ीय आपदा प्बं धन प्ासधकरण के ससतंबर
    2010 माग्भदिथी ससधिान्ो पर ध् ं ान कें हद्रत करते हए भारत में एल नीनो और ला नीना के सं भानवत दष्प्रु भावो से न ं नपिने के ललए तैयारी की काय्भनवसधयो पर ं
    चचा्भ कीजजए।) 2014
  1. How important are vulnerability and risk assessment for pre-disaster management. As an administrator ,what are key areas that you would focus in a disaster management? (नवपदा-पूव्भ प्बं धन के ललए सं वेदनिीलता व जोखख़म ननधा्भरण हकतना महत्त्वपूण्भ है? प्िासक के रूप में आप नवपदा प्बं धन प्णाली में हकन मुख् नबन्ओु पर ध् ं ान
    देंगे?) 2013

  1. https://www.unisdr.org/2004/campaign/booklet-eng/Pagina8ing.pdf↩︎

  2. https://www.un-spider.org/risks-and-disasters/disaster-risk-management↩︎