South-South and Triangular Cooperation held in New Delhi, collaboration among countries of the South in the political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and technical domains

• UN Office for South-South Cooperation - Estd 1974 by UNGA, emerging, middle income and least developed.

Free trade agreement (FTA) w/ EU. Need - risks of being left behind in collapsing global trade, rising protectionism, only major power lacking an FTA with any of its top trade partners, struggle to keep exports competitive, counter China

Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) b/w IN and SWZ; IN will receive fin info on all Swiss accounts held by Indians it. AEOI is periodic transmission of Bulk taxpayer information

Male Declaration : passed by 4th South Asian Speakers Summit held in Maldives; unanimously declared Kashmir to be an internal matter of IN #important #Treaty

IN Ocean Conference 2019 held in Maldives, started by IN has SIN, BAN, SL as members. Theme was 'securing IOR: traditional and non-traditional challenges.

MNRE awards grant to 4 projects under PACE setter program; constituted by IN and USA corpus of Rs.50 cr to provide early stage grant to accelerate commercialisation of innovative green products business etc.

Agreement on Reciprocal Logistics Support ARLS : b/w IN and RUS simplify mil interoperability and enable mil platforms to receive support and supplies across.

IN BAN sign MoU on withdrawal of water form Feni river. Originates in south Tripura. Joint Rivers commission meeting was held to collect data on water sharing

International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) adopted in 2001 by FAO aka Seed Treaty ensure int agreement, conservation, exchange and sustainable use of Plant Genetic Resources and to protect traditional knowledge of farmers.

ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting ADMM-plus ASEAN mem + 8 dialogue partners to strengthen security, defence cooperation etc held in Bangkok

Recycling of Ships #Act and ratification of Honk Kong Recycling of Ships convention - prohibits the use/installation of hazardous material immediately for new ships, not apply to warships and non-commercial.

HK Recycling resolution 2009 aims at ensuring that retired ships do not pose threat to humans and env, convention is yet to come to force was adopted by the Int Maritime Org IMO in 2009. #Treaty

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective CapabilitiesRC principle within UNFCCC acknowledges diff countries and differing responsibilities of countries in addressing climate change divides them in Annex 1 (more role) and non-Annex 1.

Chabahar Port : IN IR AFG, bypass PAK to supply AFG, boost IN access to IR, Counter CN presence in Gwadar,

US MEX CAN Agreement USMCA replaces NAFTA which was FTA concerns were that such an FTA w/ 2 developed countries and 1 developing country would allow US to move its operation to Mexico. #Treaty

Bilateral Investment Protection Agreement (BIPA) with EU would be different from the FTA that is in discussion. #Treaty

Orders passed by certain designated courts from a 'reciprocating territory' can be implemented in India, by filing a copy of the decree concerned in a District Court here scope is restricted to decress for money payment, cannot be based on an arbitration award.

US Taliban peace agreement - US and allies to withdraw all troops and civilian non diplomatic personnel, Taliban not to threaten security of US and allies, release of prisoners.

• India not US ally
• Sidelines Indian support to election process
• Releasing prisoners include Haqqani Network

Foreigners can be deported back for 'anti-government activities' not defined by MHA

• Article 19b right to peacefully protest is not available to aliens Art 21 is.

Int Monetary Fin Comm part of IMF has 24 mem drawn from 187 governors

Open Skies #Treaty : allows 34 countries to conduct unarmed surveillance of military installation etc over one anothers territories; data be shared to all countries. USA withdrew, RUS withdrew

Global Vaccine Summit hosted by UK. GAVI :

• global vaccine alliance for children in poor countries,
• Public Private global health partnership
• founded 2000, HQ in Geneva

Track 1 diplomacy : formal diplomatic engagement

• Track 2 : engagement through govt affiliated insti.
• Track 3 : civil society and people to people engagement.

LAC disengagement plan - 5 point action plan, ensure comprehensive disengagement

• Not allow differences to become disputes
• disengage quickly to ease tension
• abide by existing IN CN border protocol avoid escalation
• continued dialogue b/w special reps
• Confidence building measure CBMs

1993-1996 agreements b/w IN CN to reduce troop levels, inspect troops, check use of tanks etc.

Singapore convention on Mediation

• apply to international commercial settlement agreements
• non applicability in judicial/ arbitrary proceedings, personal, family or household

Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement BECA for Geo Spatial Coop BECA

• Previous agreements b/w IN-US Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agree LEMOA, Communications Compatibility Security Ag COMCASA, General Security of Mil Info Agreement GSOMIA.

IN and LUX meet 1st in 20 yrs, is 3rd largest foreign investor in IN, agmnt on Stock exchange, SBI etc.

One Health Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial resistance by FAO, World Org of Animal health and WHO - to preserve anti-microbial medicines.

South Asian Association for Regional Coop : estd 2005, HQ at Kathmandu, BAN, BHU, IN, SL, PAK, SL MAL, AFG, NEP.

• 3% Area, 3.8% Economy, 21% Pop, common tradition culture, similar problems

Natural Capital Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (NCAVES) under UN Statistics division- improve env and ecosys accounting in 5 countries B,I,C,SA and MEX; implemented by MoSPI also CBD.

Supply Chain Resilience Initiative SCRI : to counter CN dominance in supply chain; resilience through sharing best practices, investment promotion, more use of digital tech, build upon existing bilateral mechanism. By IN, JP, AUS.

Turkey quit Istanbul Convention on violence against women.

Luzon strait connects China to Phillipines through the South China Sea.

• Could inc regional trade by 60%. Promote sub-regional cooperation, Improve logistics performance.

• Master Plan for Transport connectivity was adopted
• Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal matters agmt
• MoU on Diplomatic Training
• Memorandum on Technology Transfer facility was signed.

• Poor infra, Poltical assymetry and non convergence.
• Comprehensive FTA mission and IN seen as regional hegemon.
  

• Rising Sea Level -> arctic snow cover has dec 21%
• Will help study ice melting in Himalayas and impact on Monsoon.
• Hydrocarbons and mineral resources could be addressed.

• Need an official Arctic ambassador/ representative on arctic affairs.
• Collaborative effort to mine resources.
• Global orientation towards scientific research.