00 Disaster and DM

Disaster and Disaster Management

2020-10-22 08:03:59

Definitions

  • Disaster : - Natural or man-made, D Damage - quantifiable, D Impact -ve or +ve, D = hazard+ Vulnerability + Insufficient Capacity
  • Hazard : - dangerous threat, may cause loss of life, property ex earthquake, floods, volcanoes etc. D is an event, necessarily causes widespread damage
  • Vulnerability - S, E, Physical, Env
  • Risk - measure of expected loss = Hazard * Vulnerability
  • Capacity - strengths, resources, attributes etc, coping capacity
  • D mgt cycle - Pre , During, After Disaster

NDMA #Act 2005

  • Framework at National level - D mgt division under MHA,
  • national exec committee at secy level,
  • Cabinet Comm on Security,
  • National Crisis Mgt Comm NCMC,
  • National Platform for DRR NPDRR - Chair is Home Min for participatory process review progress policy advise

NDMA

  • apex body, policies plans guidelines created,
  • NDRF : created under this, force, pre-positioned, proactive availability, 12 battalions,
  • NIDM - HRD, capacity building, training, R&D, tech support,
  • other emergencies handled by NCMC
  • NDMA advisory comm - 15 mem

At State Level

  • SDMA - CM ex officio Chair, policies plans, approves state DM plan, recom provisions for funds
  • State Executive Comm - head Chief Secy, monitor

District

  • Dist D Mgt Authority DDMA - DM head, plans,
  • Local Authorities,

Fin Arrangement-

  • NDRF for response, relief, rehab
  • SDRF - immediate relief,
  • ND Mitigation Fund - not set up
  • 14th FC recom - 10% of SDRF used in local context, C should ensure assured source of funding

Drawbacks

  • slow implementation,
  • marginalised NGOs, etc
  • top down approach,
  • projects incomplete,
  • vacant posts,
  • NEC meets infrequently,
  • no mitigation fund in Districts,

Other Policies Wrt DRR

National Policy on DM 2009

  • safe disaster resilient,
  • cohesiveness of stakeholder,
  • integrated approach,
  • promote cultural change,
  • mitigation,
  • DM in planning process etc

ND Mgt Plan 2016

  • aligned w/ Sendai DRRF,
  • understand risk,
  • inter agency coop,
  • invest in DRR, capacity dev,
  • horizontal vertical integration,
  • ministry specific roles, regional app,
  • identifies major activities,
  • ethical guidelines for media.

Drawbacks

  • no clear practical roadmap,
  • too generic, no time frame,
  • how funds shall be mobilised,
  • no monitoring evaluation framework.

Sendai Framework 4 Priorities

  • Understand disaster risk,
    • strengthen D risk governance to manage risk through interagency coordination;
    • invest in resilience;
    • Capacity Dev by enhancing D preparedness for effective response to Build Back Better in recovery, rehab, reconstruction

Dis Preparedness and Response

  • immediately after,
  • National Early warning system for avalanches, Cyclones, Earthquakes, Droughts etc,
  • Nat Emergency Operation Centre NEOC is comm and coordination hub, respective ministries responsible.

D Risk Governance - Sendai Framework

  • Mainstream & integrate risk, adopt and implement strategies plans, assessment, ensure compliance, periodic review, assign clear roles, Estd and stregthen gov coordination, work w/ parliamentarians, promote dev,

Recovery and Build Back Better BBB

  • Post disaster restoration, owner driven construction

3 Recovery Stages

  • Early (3-18 months) : cash for work, resumption of markets, commerce, trade, restoration of social service etc
  • Mid Term (upto 5 yrs) : Reconstruction plan for housing, infra, public buildings etc
  • Long Term (within 10 yrs) : implemented along w/ dev plans
  • Major steps : post disaster needs assessment, dev a vision, ensure coherence w/ BBB plans, balancing recovery across sectors, prioritise sectors

Reconstruction - Rehabilitation both Physical and Psychological

  • During rehab secondary displacement be avoided, gain consent of affected comm, clearly define land acquisition process, take into consideration urban/local land use planning, provide customised relocation packages
Social Rehab
  • of vulnerable groups, revival of educational activity; Rehab of elderly, Women, Children
Economic Rehabilitation -
  • ensure continuity of trade, livelihood restoration
Psychological Rehab
  • counselling, stress management, psycho therapeutic program, occupational therapy, debriefing, tradition, values, norms, beliefs etc

Capacity Dev through

  • NIDM - w/ DM cells in Administrative training institutes, Police Academies, State Inst
  • NDRF Academy at Nagpur - course for Training of Trainers, Master Training
  • Capacity dev of local bodies - elected leaders and officials of panchayats org operations like search and rescue
  • Training communities - awareness, sensitisation, orientation, dev skills

Hyogo Framework :

  • 5 priority actions are Ensure DRR; ID assess monitor; Use Knowledge, innovation and education; reduce underlying risk; Strengthen Disaster preparedness
  • Goal 1 - effective integration, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, vulnerability reduction - DM act, do no harm policy
  • Goal 2 - Dev strengthening of institutions, mechanism - strengthen SDMAs DDMAs, comprehensive HRD plan, partnership w/ civil society
  • Goal 3 - incorporation of risk reduction approaches into design implementation of emergency preparedness - Build Back Better

Sendai Framework for DRR

  • 15 yr voluntary non-binding, recognises that state has primary role

Sendai Framework 4 Priorities

  • Understand disaster risk,
    • strengthen D risk governance to manage risk through interagency coordination;
    • invest in resilience;
    • Capacity Dev by enhancing D preparedness for effective response to Build Back Better in recovery, rehab, reconstruction

7 Goals

  • reduce global disaster mortality;

  • reduce affected people globally;

  • reduce direct disaster damage;

  • substantially reduce disaster damage;

  • substantially inc no of countries w/ facilities;

  • enhance international coop;

  • inc availability of access to multi hazard early warning system

kegy107.pdf - Natural Hazards and Disasters