3.4 Location of Industries

Location of Industries in India and the World ( Notes from Vision and Mrunal )

2020-07-14 17:15:40

Timber, Paper and Pulp Industry

  • RM are forests/trees
  • River near it helps in transportation, clean water for production
  • Commercial lumbering - in Ontario, Quebec in Canada
    • Softwood easy chop, forests concentrated
    • Snow helps dec friction and faster movt, road connectivity is deep
    • Labour inc during winter due to dec in agri activities, mechanisation is high
    • Ready-made market in USA
    • Cheap hydroelectricity due to more rivers, better connected/all-weather power grids
  • Challenge in Tropical areas
    • Scattered trees, dense vegetation makes transport difficult, high extraction cost, hardwood
    • Sparse settlement away from market
    • Lax regulation, weak organisation
  • In Britain areas near Thames, Manchester
  • Scandinavian countries like Finland, Denmark
  • Malaysia, Phillipines - Australia, Japan but hardwood
  • Myanmar, Thailand
  • South Gujarat, Odisha, MP near raw material Softwood and Bamboo
  • Kolkata, Lucknow near market, cheap labour, electricity, coal, water etc available

Commercial Fishing Industry

  • Located in middle - higher latitudes in Northern hemisphere due to plankton availability, cool water, better sunlight
  • Where cold and hot currents meet ex Gulf stream and Labrador
  • Market is readily available especial in Asian countries Japan, China etc, used for fish oils, waxes, medicinal purposes, religious/cultural reasons
  • Indented/zig zag coastline has many fishing sites
  • Cool climate more people switch to fishing, helps preservation
  • Dogger bank, great fisher bank in North Europe, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland in Canada etc
  • Asian coastline not indented very smooth, narrow continental shelves, low capital investment in technology/equipment, variety of fished make large scale fishing difficult, high oil content
  • Southern hem demand for dairy more
  • Norway and Japan fishing nation
  • West Coastline more indented, wide, continent shelf, more fishes, prawn and mackerel found in abundance

Cotton Textile Industry

  • Cotton - Yarn has no weight loss thus proximity to raw material not imp, water required for dyeing, bleaching
  • Energy for power looms, cheap labour, availability of fin
  • Dry climate thread breaks during spinning not in humid - coastal areas favourable or use humidifiers
  • Osaka, JP is Manchester of Japan
    • Black lava soil, near port
    • Humid , hydel power
    • railway Jn, near Yodo river
    • Capital available,
    • skill and automation, market in US, JP
  • Mumbai called Cottonopolis of India
    • Black soil, port, humid, good transportation
    • Mithi river nearby, finance centre - more capital
    • Cheap, abundant labour
  • Textile Industry in Ahmedabad (Manchester of India) in Gujarat near Sabarmati river, large market, import of yarn from Mumbai, thermal plant
  • Coimbatore in TN Pykara Hydel project, Noyyal river, demand in southern states
  • Manchester & Lancashire industry :
    • Moist westerlies, cheap cotton from colonies, Liverpool port, Manchester Ship canal
    • Water hydro power from Pennine hills, later used coal
    • Industrialisation, demand in Europe
    • Decline due to WW2, loss of colonies, competition from other countries China, SE Asia, Japan etc
    • Matured towards capital heavy industries viz shipbuilding, marine engineering etc
  • New England and 5 other NE states of USA - immigrant workers, coal from Appalachian region
  • and South Cotton - Carolina's, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas : vast lands, slave labours - now mechanised, hydel power
  • Shanghai - Yangtze river

Wool Industry, Jute Industry

  • Australia, NZ, Argentina, RSA
  • Dry warmer climate better for production, large scale agriculture, sheep can survive in bad conditions
  • Rearing done in large scale - economies of scale,
  • Woollen textiles are located in colder countries not in AUS
  • India
    • Raw material non-perishable, light, good quality wool from AUS, for producing carpets, blankets etc wool from NZ
    • North India is big market, industries concentrated there
    • Srinagar, Punjab, Jamnagar, Rajasthan located near RM
    • Kanpur, Mumbai, Chennai away from RM
  • Jute in India
    • 90% cultivation in Kolkata, energy from Raniganj and Jharia coal mines, washing, bleaching and retting from Hugly river, cheap labour, good banking facilites
    • New machinery needed, wage rate hike, competition from synthetic packaging material, lack of marketing strategy
  • Linen made from Flax plant

Silk Industry of China, India and Karnataka

  • Was introduced in France but vanished after disease killed silkworms. But Lyon now is an imp fashion centre due to skilled labour
  • Silk easily transportable, non-perishable, non-bulky
  • Demand in industrialised countries
  • Was introduced in Virginia and Georgia but failed
  • Japan failed due to workers shifting to industrial sector for higher wages, better returns in other industries, women shifted to Jeans instead of Kimono
  • China produces 80% India 18%
  • China
    • Lower Yangtze - mulberry silk
    • Hybrid worms allows year wide rearing
    • Abundant labour, combine sericulture with pisciculture
    • Production via cooperative called Silk communes, govt support, upgradation of tech
  • India
    • Mulberry silk produced in Karnataka, TN, AP. Non mulberry in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and NE
    • Mulberry plants can be grown in any soil, can withstand draught
    • Skilled labour not required, good side income, decline of Jute
    • Sophisticated equipment not required, tribals, small farmers can do it
    • Karnataka - good climate, soft water, Silk Board located
    • Kanchipuram - tradition/cultural, river Vegavathi - soft water, good demand

Wheat Corn Industry in USA, China, Canada

  • Prairies in Canada
    • Prairies good phosphorous content, suitable topography, flat terrain puts machinery to good use
    • Large farm holdings, mechanised work, good connectivity, favourable policy of Canadian Wheat board
  • China
    • Mild temperature, good rainfall, suitable for rice cultivation, multi cropping, Yangtze river
    • Communist emphasis on Food crops
  • US Corn belt and livestock belt
    • Central Ohio to Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Chernozem soil
    • Corn has high yield per acre than wheat, helps fattening animals
    • Subsidy from Federal gov,
  • India

Milk and Dairy Industry USA, Europe, New Zealand

  • Perishable, located near towns because of high demands viz in India
  • In New Zealand, Switzerland, Holland, Denmark - conversion to concentrated form - inc shelf life, efficient transportation
  • Auckland, Taranaki in NZ
    • Perennial growth of grass, generational occupation, scientific breeding - use of vaccination, infra etc; govt policy - strict quality control, far from market - conc form
  • Europe - same as NZ
  • Non-existent in Africa - non conducive climate, tall grasslands lack nutrients affecting yield, mostly nomads like Masai - use non-scientific methods, lack of transport, gov instability, low demand
  • India

Meat Industry

  • US - Breeding in Wyoming, growth in Nebraska, Fattening in Iowa/(Chicago) Illinois
  • Now shifting towards East in Chicago towards the corn belt, ease of transportation, cattle-farm proximity
  • Pig rearing - can take place in variety climates, can survive anything, grazing land not required, breed rapidly, mature quickly in China, NZ, Denmark, US - corn belt
  • Poultry in India -
    • Done almost everywhere due to readily available market, done in isolated/degraded/less irrigated land, feed required is less,

Vegetable, Fruit, Viticulture Industry

  • perishable, want for fresh goods, high value
  • California leading producer
    • Mediterranean type climate, water from Sacramento river, Contra costa canal, mechanisation, cheap Mexican labour force for weeding, harvesting etc, transport infra
    • ready market in Hollywood, silicon valley, high standard of living, diet conscious people, export to Japan
    • Florida oranges turned into conc juice
  • Von Thunen Agro Land use Model
    • Farmers near cities grow vegetable, fruits, milk. From faraway grow food grains, extremely far away rear sheeps/goat etc
    • Profit P = Value of Produce V - [Production Expense E Transport Cost T]
    • Away from city no of profitable options decrease for farmers
    • Haryana, Agra (Dairy) Punjab (Wheat) and Jammu Sheep/Goar
    • Does not apply to speciality crops like oranges, apples etc
  • Grape and Vines in Mediterranean
    • Not too cold, plenty of sunshine, not require plenty of water have penetrating roots, chalk/limestone rich soil,
    • skilled labour due to tradition, high density means personal care required
    • Grapes are perishable - converted to Wine inc value with time,
    • Ready wine market in France, Spain etc, GI indicated
  • Beer made from barley, Whiskey from Rye due to high gluten content, Rice wine in Asia
  • Viticulture in India -
    • Himachal, Nashik, Bangalore
    • Gov gives tax benefit to encourage wine industry
  • Desi/illegal liquor dens near slums
    • RM like bad quality jaggery, rotten barley etc, logwood from forest provide energy, labour, proximity to market

Plantation

  • American P controlled by rich families built on slave labour, Asian P setup, financed, controlled by companies based on Europe, indentured labour from India, China
  • Types are
    • Tree Crops : lifecycle 2 yrs, years to mature, remains productive for long period, ex oil palm, coconut, cocoa
    • Field crops : less maintenance than tree crops, sugarcane, banana
    • Annuals : single plantation, harvest every year, Cotton, jute, tobacco, groundnut better suited for small holders
  • Rubber, Cocoa have long gestation, large investment needed, need to absorb price shocks - not appropriate for small scale farmers
  • Cocoa Plantation
    • Central and South America originally, Spanish brought to EUR then introduced to West Africa like Ghana
    • Ghana aka Cocoa Triangle - warm wet climate, cheap labour to manually cut with machete, export to US, EUR
  • Remove pulp from fruit, cover in banana seed to ferment then sun dry it, roasted then either made powder or butter
  • India

Rubber Plantation in Malaysia, Kerala and South America

  • From latex of rubber trees, diluted with water add acid to coagulate rubber and form slabs, remove slabs to squeeze liquid, dried to become thin sheets
  • Malaysia
    • Hot moist equatorial climate, immigrant labour for India China,
    • research from Kuala Lumpur institute - new breeding and tapping methods,
    • Gov policy for replanting to increase yield and Quality control regulate export
  • Kerala
    • Travancore, Kozikode, Malabar, Kottayam
    • Abundant moisture,
  • No more in South America
    • Political instability, lack of tech improvements, estates confiscated by regimes - small scaling of industry

Sugar

  • Mills formed near farms, perishable, sugar form only 10% transportation is bulky
  • Sugar - sugar juice add lime and boil to form crystals, raw coarse brown sugar further refine, bagasse used as fodder, energy source, molasses to make ethanol
  • In refinery Brown sugar is further refined to form white sugar
  • India
    • Western Maharashtra, Sangli, Solapur, Satara, Ahmednagar, Pune, Nasik
    • UP - West UP, Terai, Meerut, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Sitapur, Gorakhpur
      • Potash, lime in soil helps growth, upper Gangetic plain is rich and fertile
      • Use bagasse for energy, dense road network, migrant + abundant labour
    • Coiambatore, Trichi in TN
    • Chitradurga, Shimoga, Bijaipur, Belgaum, Bellary in Ktaka
    • Hyderbad, Nizamabad in Andhra
  • Warm climate, non-fluctuating constant temp - near oceans
  • Black lava soil fertile and retains water
  • More conc in North India due shifting from Indigo to Sugarcane during British period
  • Ratooning is when root are left intact not extracted during harves
  • CubaSugar bowl of world
    • Moderating influence of seas, calcareous fertile soil, American capital and market, EUR market, USSR support later and change of gov policy towards Communist/ Socialist countries
  • Sugar Beet extracted in Germany, France, Belgium

Tea

  • Need for skilled man power, grown in hill slopes so mechanisation not possible, done in high population density
  • RM - leaves, involves weight loss processing done in estate itself, very long winter and frost harms, stagnant water harmful
  • Black tea - sun dried - steam rolled - fermented - roasted. India and EUR
  • Green Tea - heated with steam not fermented used in JP, East Asia
  • London was centre of tea trade due to colonisation
  • Darjeeling Tea
    • Growth due to loss of Tea monopoly over China trade in 1830, Indigo cropping in Bihar did not give good returns, Suez canal opening
    • Morning fog, low temp gives high grade leaf, water from rivers like Tista, Mahananda, Himalayan snow melt, SW monsoon
    • Good quantity of phosphorous+ potash gives special flavour, in hilly areas, large estates provide for labour, market provide for local+ foreign demand, proximity to Kolkata port
  • Tea grown in YangtzeKiang and Sikiang valleys in China
  • Other areas are SL, JP - red volcanic soil , Indonesia - ocean breeze and cheap supply of female labour

Coffee Plantation

  • Boston Tea Party, dec in tea supply, switch to coffee
  • Direct sunlight is harmful, sea mist in Yemen/Ethiopia is favourable, waterlogging is harmful, orographic rainfall in hilly slope is best condition
  • Mechanisation not possible in hilly slopes, secondary processing done in different/importing countries
  • Brazil - Sao Paolo
    • Volcanic soil rich in potash, humus fertile, tall plants provide shade enrich soils, Brazilian mist keeps temp moderate
    • Special railways for transport, labour is highly mobile, universal demand
  • Kerala
    • Red soil best suited, Kozhikode, Palakkad, Malappuram, Kottayam
    • NE slopes of the ghat, moderating effect of Lakshadweep sea, no direct sunlight, no waterlogging, moisture from sea, Kochi port

Iron and Coal Based Industries

  • Ore+ coke +limestone +heat = Pig Iron - processed - cast iron, wrought iron, steel etc
  • Iron ore, coking coal, limestone, energy and water are most imp factor
  • Near Forest - during medieval period
  • Near Coal field/mines - during Industrial Revolution, readily available labour and tech, iron ore is common find in such mines, cheaper to transport iron ore to coalfields
    • Germany - Ruhr Valley, Saxony
    • Britain - Lancashire, York Shire, South Wales
    • US - Appalachian, Pennsylvania
    • Australian - NSW
    • China - Wuhan, Anshan, Chongqing
  • Near Coastal Region - rely on imported coal
    • Japan - Steel industry in Osaka-Kobe
    • India - Vizag, Ratnagiri, Mangalore
    • Malaysia
    • US - Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago
  • Bokaro (coal from here)- Rourkela (iron ore)
  • Tech - reduced pull factor
    • Open hearth system - use scrap metal to make steel, reduced fuel consumption
    • Oxygen Converterreduced coal/energy requirement
  • Labour, Location, Capital, Gov policy, Market

Automobile Industry

Location-of-Industries-image1-00094976.png

  • Shipbuilding in Vishakhapatnam - due to steel from Kolkata, Vizag etc, road and railway connectivity

Aluminium Bauxite Refining, Smelting

Hindalco/ Birla FACTOR RAW MATERIAL ENERGY MANPOWER CONNECTIVITY Renukoot, UP Hirakud, Odisha • • • • Lohardaga-Pakhar region @Jharkhand, Korba-Bastar region @Chhattisgarh Hydro electricity from Rihand Dam on Rihand river in Sonbhadra district, UP. The reservoir behind this dam, known as Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Aluminum Refining required skilled worker. Skilled labour=mobile (compared to uneducated, unskilled labour). Besides, this plant has its own residential colony cum mini township, hospital etc. connected to all important industrial regions and ports via rail-road network. Nearest airport -160 kms in city of Varanasi. • • • • Odisha itself rich in bauxite reserves, particularly Kalahandi-Koratpur region. Hirakud dam on Mahanadi river. + captive coal blocks @ Talabira, approximately 45 km from Hirakud Hirakud has a township nearest city Sambalpur just 15 kms away. It is situated 6 km away from NH-6 connecting Kolkata and Mumbai

Zinc, Lead, Copper Refining Industry

  • Ore soaked in water mixed with oils to separate impurities weight loss - concentrated form is called blister copper
  • Blister copper 99% copper - electrolysis to remove impurities like gold, silver, lead and zinc

Copper Refining: Desi Locations Hindustan Copper BACLO HINDALCO (Aditya Birla) Sterlite Industries. • @Khetri,Jhunjnu district, Rajasthan. • Ore: from Malanjkhand-Balaghat region of Madhya Pradesh. @Korba, Chhattisgarh • Ore: from Amarkantak Region • Energy: Korba thermal plant @Dahej in Bharuch district of Gujarat. Tutikorin, TN

  • Its By-products are used for making phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid
  • Challenges to Indian industries
    • Lack tech to produce special copper alloys, downstream copper products, recovery of precious metals
    • obsolete mining and smelting, demand and supply gap, ore is average quality
  • Lead and Zinc
    • Ore - concentration - refining
    • Significant weight loss - carried out near mining site

state Jharkhand AP Rajasthan Kerala metal lead lead Zinc Zinc smelters location Tundoo Vishakhapatnam, based on imported lead concentrates @Debari: ore comes from Rajpur-Dariba mines + import.@Chanderia: ore comes from Bhilwara. @Alway's. Based on imported zinc concentrates

Natural Gas

Natural Gas refining, Pipelines and Phosphate, Potash, Guano Fertilizer industry

  • International pipeline projects are
    • Iran-Pak-India
    • Myanmar - Bangladesh - India
    • Turkmenistan - Afghanistan - Pakistan - India

GAIL: Pipelines INPUT MARKET LENGTH JAMNAGAR LONI LPG PIPELINE • Reliance refinery Jamnagar • Essar refinery Vadinar • Imported LNG from Kandla port • Ajmer & Jaipur in Rajasthan, • • Gurgaon in Haryana, Delhi Loni-Gaziabad (U.P) 1300kms . VIZAG-SECUNDERABAD PIPELINE • Vizag-HPC Refinery • Imports from Vishakhapatnam port • Vijayawada • Secunderabad, Near Hyderabad 600

Reliance KG Basin Refining done @ Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh input refining transport gas from offshore block in Krishna-Godawari Basin Onshore Gas Terminal at Gadimoga, about 30 Km south of Kakinada in the state of Andhra Pradesh. • East West Gas Pipeline (EWPL) transports gas from Kakinada, the landfall point of KG-D6 gas, to Bharuch (Gujarat) and traverses through Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat. • From Bharuch, they use the pipeline network of Gujarat State Petronet to take the gas to end-consumers as well as connect to Hazira-Bijaipur-Jagdhishpur(HBJ) pipeline. • Through this entire Pipeline networking, gas reaches to fertilizer plants e.g. Tata Chemicals (Mumbai) and Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers (Trombay), IFFCO's (Phulpur), GSFC(Vadodara), Kribhco etc.

Fertilizer Industry

  • Located near Natural gas source, methane is used to produce Ammonia - Haber's process then used to make Urea etc, also Naptha

Petroleum Refinery

  • Production and refining are 2 stages, RM factor not imp, no weight loss, Refineries can be set up near RM, Market, intermediate break of the bulk location
  • Other factors are Nationalisation, political instability especially in the Middle East, South America

Synthetic Fibre

Cellulosic Fibres True Synthetic Mix of Both
hemp, linen, cotton, ramie, and sisal Polyester, Nylon, Rayon
  • Benzene is base material for most true synthetic fibre, non-bulky, non-perishable, hazardous to transport - located near petrochem industries
  • India it is led by Reliance through its Jamnagar refinery and textile unit production @ Dahej, Naroda, Vadodra and Gujarat

Https:// <www.mrunal.org>
legy208.pdf - Manufacturing Industries

Iron and Steel

2020-07-17 13:45:11

factor Vishveshwarya, Karnataka Salem, TN
Iron ore just 40kms away Baba Budan hills, in Chikmanglur. Bailadila mines, Odishalocal iron ore also availablehas low phosphorous-sulfur content=>helps making special grade Iron and Steel.
Coal Bhundiguda Manganese: Shimoga, Chitradurga just 50kms away Either imported or brought from Jharkhand depending on price factor
Limestone available within 50km radius Birmitrapur
Energy In early days, used charcoal from forest wood. now uses hydroelectric power from Sharawati and Mahatma Gandhi project Mettur has both thermal and hydro projects
Water for cooling Bhadra river don’t know and too tired to google
Transport located on main railway line of Biru-Shimoga. Chennai port
Market billets, rails, wheels alloy steel and sleepers for railways. Salem steel is useful in TN’s automobile industry, elevators, lifts, coins, ceiling fans.Also caters Government mints (for making coins).
Trivia In 1923 as private company “Mysore Iron and Steel”. Nationalized in ‘89 Started in 82. Location chosen due to political considerations.
factor Rourkela, Odisha Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Iron ore Sundargarh, Keonjar District of Odisha within radius of ~70kms Dugar, Chandrapur and Bastar Dalli-Rajhara range 80km away
Coal Jharia, Telchar, Korba Korba, Chhatisgarh (~225kms) Bokaro, Jharia (~720 kms) Raniganj, WB
Limestone Birmitrapur Nandini mines ~25 kms away Manganese from Balaghat (MP) + Bhandara (MH)
Manganese Barajmda Balaghat
Energy Hirakud (just 150 kms away) Korba Thermal station
Water for cooling Bramani river reservoir on Mandira Dam (Sankh River) Tandula Reservoir
Labour cheap labor available.
Transport Both connected to Kolkata Nagpur Railway
Market provided special steel for ISRO’s launch vehicles Vijayenta tanks building Mathura refinery itself uses steel to make rails, beams and other structural products.
Trivia setup in ‘59, With help from West Germany first Swadeshi steel plant with help of former USSR, 1959 Main location factor= Government policy to setup plant here, to remove backwardness of this region.
Factor Durgapur, WB Burnpur, WB
Iron ore Singhbhum, Jharkhand Kendujhargah, Odisha Mayurbhanj, Odisha Singhbhum, Jharkhand Mayurbhanj Odisha
Coal Raniganj, WB Jharia, Jharkhand Jharia, just ~130 kms away
Limestone Birmitrapur, Odisha Managanese: Bonaigarh, Barbil in North Odisha Sundargarh, Odisha, just ~300 kms
Energy Damodar valley
Water for cooling Damodar river
Labour No shortage of cheap labour.
Transport plant on the main railwayline between Delhi-Kolkata Navigable Canal from Durgapur to Hugli and Kolkata Port good rail connectivity sea ports @Odisha + Kolkata
Market pig iron, tools, alloys, light structural products rails, galvanized steel, billets
Trivia ’64 with collaboration from UK initially a private plant, nationalized in ‘72
Factor TISCO, Jamshedpur Bokaro, Jharkhand
Iron ore Noamundi-Singhbhum, Jharkhand Mayurbhanj, Odisha Both within 100 kms radius Noamundi in Jharkhand Kiriburu, Odisha
Coal Jharia, Raniganj Both within <200 kms radius Jharia Mines just 65 kms away
Limestone Sundargh district, Odisha Maganese from Joda mines, Keonjhar, Odisha dolomite from Palamau
Energy Hydroelectricity from Damodar Valley corporation
Water for cooling Via pipelines from Subarnarekha and Kharkhoi rivers Damodar river
Labour Abundant supply of Cheap labour from Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha and the tribal belt of Chhota-Nagpur platteau.
Transport Railway connectivity to Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai rail-water connectivity to Kolkata, just 300 kms away
Market Secondary industries located in the region that use steel to manufacture machine tools, automobiles, agro-machines, tine-plates, wires etc. TELCO (Tata Engineering and Locomotive company) produces Consumer cars /SUVs like sumo, safari, indica, sierra etc. and heavy vehicles, including armored carriers for army. sludge-slag from the plant provides raw material to Sindri fertilizer industry. produces crude steel and pig iron
Trivia Setup in 1907, just two years after Lord Curzon partition Bengal. TISCO =Tata Iron and Steel company TISCO plant wasn’t setup by Jamshedji Tata but his son Sir Dorabji Tata Manganese is used for hardening steel. with Soviet help in ‘72
MINERAL TYPE MINES TOP PRODUCERS (STATES) TOP PRODUCERS (COUNTRIES)
IRON ORE Metallic (Ferrous) Barabil–Koira Valley(Orissa) Bailadila Mine (Chattisgarh) Dalli-Rajhara(CH)–the largest mine in India 1. Odisha 2. Chattisgarh 3. Karnataka 1. China, 2. Australia, 3. Brazil 4. India
MANGANESE Metallic (Ferrous) Nagpur–Bhandara Region (Maharashtra) Gondite Mines (Orissa) Khondolite deposits (Orissa) 1. Odisha 2. Maharashtra 1. South Africa 2. Australia 3. China
CHROMITE Metallic (Ferrous) Sukinda Valley (Orissa) Hasan Region (Karnataka) 1. Odisha 2. Karnataka 3. Andhra Pradesh 1.South Africa 2.Kazakhstan 3.India
NICKEL Metallic (Ferrous) Sukinda Valley (Orissa) Singhbhum Region (Jharkhand) 1. Odisha 2. Jharkhand 1. Indonesia 2. Phillippines 3. Canada
COBALT Metallic (Ferrous) Singhbhum Region (Jharkhand) Kendujhar (Orissa) Tuensang (Nagaland) 1. Jharkhand 2. Odisha 3. Nagaland 1.Democratic Republic of Congo 2. China 3. Canada
BAUXITE Metallic (Non-Ferrous) Balangir(Orissa) Koraput (Orissa) Gumla(Jharkhand) Shahdol (Madhya Pradesh) 1. Odisha 2. Gujarat 1. Australia 2. China, 3. Brazil
COPPER Metallic (Non-Ferrous) Malanjkhand Belt (Madhya Pradesh) Khetri Belt (Rajasthan) Kho-Dariba (Rajasthan) 1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Jharkhand 1. Chile 2. China 3. Peru
GOLD Metallic (Non-Ferrous) Kolar Gold Field (Karnataka) Hutti Gold Field (Karnataka) Ramagiri Mines (Andhra Pradesh) Sunarnarekha Sands (Jharkhand) 1. Karnataka 2. Jharkhand 1. China 2. USA 3. South Africa
SILVER Metallic (Non-Ferrous) Zawar Mines (Rajasthan) Tundoo Mines (Jharkhand) Kolar Gold Fields (Karnataka) 1. Rajasthan 2. Karnataka 1.Mexico 2. Peru 3. China
LEAD Metallic (Non-ferrous) Rampura Aghucha (Rajasthan) Sindesar Mines (Rajasthan) 1. Rajasthan 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. Madhya Pradesh 1. China 2. Australia 3. USA
TIN Metallic (Non-Ferrous) Dantewada (Chhattisgarh) Chhattisgarh (only state in India) 1. China 2. Indonesia 3. Peru
MAGNESIUM Metallic (Non-Ferrous) Chalk Hills (Tamilnadu) Almora (Uttarakhand) 1. Tamil Nadu 2. Uttarakhand 3. Karnataka 1. China 2. Russia 3. Turkey
LIMESTONE Non-Metallic Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) Satna (Madhya Pradesh) Cuddapah (AP) 1. Madhya Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 1. China 2. USA 3. India
MICA Non-Metallic Gudur Mines (Andhra Pradesh) Aravalis (RaJasthan) Koderma (Jharkhand) 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Rajasthan 3. Orissa 1. China 2. Russia
DOLOMITE Non-Metallic Bastar, Raigarh (Chhattisgarh) Birmitrapur (Orissa) Khammam Region (Aandhra Pradesh) 1. Chattisgarh 2. Andhra Pradesh 1. India
ASBESTOS Non-Metallic Pali (Rajasthan)–largest mine Cuddapah (Aandhra Pradesh) 1. Rajasthan 2. Andhra Pradesh 3. karnataka 1. Russia 2. China
KYANITE Non-Metallic Pavri Mines (Maharashtra)–Oldest kyanite mine in india Nawargaon Mines (Maharashtra) 1. Jharkhand 2. Maharashtra 3. Karnataka 1. USA 2. China 3. Japan
GYPSUM Non-Metallic Jodhpur, Bikaner, Jaisalmer-Rajasthan 1. Rajasthan 2. Tamil Nadu 3. Gujarat 1. USA 2. China 3. Iran
DIAMOND Non-Metallic Majhgawan Panna Mines (Madhya Pradesh)–only active diamond mine in India 1. Madhya Pradesh–only diamond producing state 1. Russia 2. Bostwana 3. Democratic Republic of Congo
COAL Non-Metallic (Energy) Korba Coalfield, Birampur–Chhattisgarh Jharia Coalfield, Bokaro Coalfield, Girdih–(Jharkhand) Talcher field–(Orissa)Singaruli coalfields (Madhya Pradesh) 1. Jharkhand 2. Orissa 3. Chattisgarh 1. China 2. USA 3. India
PETROLEUM Non-Metallic(Energy) Lunej, Ankleshwar, Kalol–Gujarat Mumbai high–Maharashtra–largest oil field Digboi–Assam–Oldest oil filed in India 1. Maharastra 2. Gujarat 1. USA 2. Russia 3. Saudi Arabia
URANIUM Atomic Jaduguda mine (Jharkhand) Tummalapalle mine (Andhra Pradesh)–largest mine Domiasiat Mine (Meghalaya) 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Jharkhand 3. Karnataka 1. Kazakhistan 2. Canada 3. Australia
THORIUM Atomic 1. Kerala 2. Jharkhand 3. Bihar 1. Australia 2. USA 3. India