2.2 Indian Biodiversity
Indian Biodiversity
2020-07-06 18:41:53
Fishes are cold blooded..
Amphibians Are
- Cold blooded
- Webbed feet
- Breathe with lungs and gills
- Moist smooth skin
- Four legs (sometimes none)
- Lay eggs
Reptiles
- Cold blooded
- Have scales
- Have dry skin
- Usually lay eggs
- Ear holes instead of ears
- 4 legs or no legs
Aves are warm blooded.
Annelids
- bodies that are divided into segments
- well-developed internal organs
- don't have any limbs
- E.g: earthworms, leeches, roundworms
Mollusks
- soft, skin-like organ covered with a hard outside shell
- mollusks that live on land are snail and slug
- mollusks that live in water are oyster, mussel, clam, squid and octopus
Echinoderms
- marine animals
- have arms or spines that radiate from the center of their body
- Eg sea star, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber
Arthropods
- have limbs with joints that allow them to move
- also have an exoskeleton
- include the crustaceans, insects, arachnids.
Crustaceans
- live mostly in the ocean/water
- have a hard, external shell which protectstheir body
- Eg crabs, lobsters etc
Insects
- have an exoskeleton that covers their entire body
- consists of 3 body parts and 6 legs
- beetle, butterfly, moth, dragonfly, bee, wasp and praying mantis.
Arachnids :
- spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
- do not have antennae
- have 2 body parts and 4 pairs of legs
The fresh-water algae are generally green or blue-green in colour, whereas the marine ones are red or brown.
Bryophytes
- plant body is differentiated into a small stem and simple leaves, but true roots are absent
- usually grow in moist places. E.g. Liverworts, mosses
Pteridophytes
- well-differentiated plant bodies, consisting of roots, stems and leaves. Moreover, they possess vascular bundles.
- eg. clubmosses, horse-tails and ferns
Gymnosperms
- very simple flowers without accessorywhorls and stamens
- Ex are Cycas, Pinus, Gnetum.
Angiosperms are
- closed seeded plants.
- Carpels have ovary, style and stigma
- Ovary develops into fruit and ovules into seeds.
- seeds remains within the fruits
There are 5 species of egg laying mammals :
- Duck Billed Platypus
- 4 species of Spiny Anteaters aka echidna. Are found only in Australia.
Herb is defined as a plant whose stem is always green and tender with height of not more than 1 meter.
Shrub is defined as a woody perennial plant. It is not more than
6 metres in height.
Epiphytes
- plant growing on the host plant but not by the host plant. Only need help to get access to light.
Out of 7 colours in the visible part of spectrum, only red → plant gown in this light are small and blue → are etiolated/elongated are effective in photosynthesis.
Excessive high temperature results in death of plant due to coagulation of
protoplasmic proteins.
The heartwood is dead sapwood in the center of the
trunk.
Pith is the tiny dark spot of spongy living cells right in the center of the tree trunk.
The thin layer of living cells just inside the bark is called cambium.
Pith is the tiny dark spot of spongy living cells right in the center of the tree trunk.
Primary descending root formed by the direct prolongation of the radicle of the embryo.
Taproot
Lateral Root
- Roots that arise from the tap root and spread laterally to support the tree.
Adventitious Roots - Roots that are produced from the parts of the plant other than the radicle or its subdivi-sion.
- Buttresses - They are out - growths formed usually ver-tically above the lateral roots and thus connect the base of the stem with roots.
- Prop - Roots - produced from the branches of the tree which remain suspended in the air till they reach ground.
- Stilt - Roots - which emerged from the butt of a tree above ground level.
Haustorial roots are the roots of parasitic plants that can absorb water and nutrients from another plant.
Mycorrhiza : structure produced from the combination of the modified rootlet with fungal tissue.